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Review of metazoan parasites of the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and the analysis of the gastrointestinal helminth community of the population on St. Paul Island, Alaska

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Abstract

The northern fur seal (NFS), Callorhinus ursinus (Mammalia: Otariidae), is a marine mammal species included into the IUCN Red List as the vulnerable species which population is dramatically declining. A significant amount of parasitological data collected previously and our recent data allowed us to clarify the list of NFS metazoan parasites and to perform a comprehensive analysis of the gastrointestinal helminth community. Gastrointestinal tracts from 756 NFSs (3- to 4-year-old males) were collected during the annual Aleut subsistence harvests in July–August of 2011–2014 from five separate rookeries on St. Paul Island, Alaska. Totally, 27,625 specimens of helminths and approximately 1000 nasal mites were collected and identified. Detailed analysis of the previously published and newly obtained data revealed 32 species of metazoan parasites, including trematodes (6 species), cestodes (4), nematodes (9), acanthocephalans (9) and arthropods (4). The gastrointestinal helminth community of newly studied NFSs comprised 19 species including trematodes (4), cestodes (3), nematodes (5) and acanthocephalans (7). Temporal changes in the helminth community structure were small but statistically significant. Gastrointestinal helminth infracommunities comprised from 1 to 10 species (average of 4). Small but significant correlation was found between the abundances of acanthocephalans (Corynosoma similis and C. strumosum), nematodes (Contracaecum osculatum, Pseudoterranova spp.) and cestode Diphyllobothrium tetrapterum.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the people of the Aleut community, who allowed us to collect the stomachs and intestines from the harvested NFS males. We thank the National Marine Mammal Laboratory scientists for allowing us the use of their laboratory for collection of the parasites from the digestive system of the seals. We thank the anonymous reviewers for criticisms and valuable suggestions. We thank Sam McGuffin for reviewing this manuscript. This work was performed under the authority of the Marine Mammal Protection Act Permit Number 14327 issued to the National Marine Mammal Laboratory.

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  1. I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 15, Bogdan Khmelnytsky Street, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine

    Tetiana A. Kuzmina, Yuriy Kuzmin, Igor Dzeverin & Olga I. Lisitsyna

  2. African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa

    Yuriy Kuzmin

  3. Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA

    Terry R. Spraker

  4. National Museum of Natural History National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 15, Bogdan Khmelnytsky Street, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine

    Eleonora M. Korol

  5. Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic

    Roman Kuchta

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Kuzmina, T.A., Kuzmin, Y., Dzeverin, I. et al. Review of metazoan parasites of the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and the analysis of the gastrointestinal helminth community of the population on St. Paul Island, Alaska. Parasitol Res 120, 117–132 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06935-6

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