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Openness and the Future

              David Wiley
Instructional Psychology & Technology
       Brigham Young University
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http://slideshare.net/opencontent/
Context

The societal superstructure is changing
Analog        Digital

 Music, Phones, TV, Newspapers,
Movies, Journals, Communications,
      Intelligence, Defense
Tethered       Mobile

Phones, Internet Access,
     Employment
Isolated     Connected

 People, Content, Systems
Generic       Personal

Cars, Computers, Mobile Phones
Consuming          Creating

Radio / Podcasting, Newspapers / Blogs
          Movies / Vodcasting
Closed        Open

Software (OSs, Applications),
   Content (Blogs, Wikis)
Then vs Now
     Analog    Digital
   Tethered    Mobile
    Isolated   Connected
    Generic    Personal
Consumption    Creating
     Closed    Open
Education vs Everyday
     Analog    Digital
   Tethered    Mobile
    Isolated   Connected
    Generic    Personal
Consumption    Creating
     Closed    Open
Characteristics of E-learning
      Analog   or   Digital
     Tethered or    Mobile
     Isolated or    Connected
     Generic   or   Personal
   Consuming   or   Creating
      Closed   or   Open
Decimation

California State University system – 33%
  University of New Hampshire – 50%
      Double digit cuts everywhere
Exploding Demand

From 120M to 250M+ in next 15 years
Nonrivalrous Media

  New opportunities
Free Copy, Distribute, Edit

 Technology enables us to share
  and educate as never before
Except We Can’t

© forbids copying, distributing, and editing
© Cancels the Possibilities

 Of digital media and the internet
Internet                 Copyright
Enables                   Forbids

           What to do?
Use copyright to enforce sharing
The 4Rs

    Reuse – copy verbatim
Redistribute – share with others
    Revise – adapt and edit
 Remix – combine with others
Over 400 Million Items
450,000,000


400,000,000


350,000,000


300,000,000


250,000,000


200,000,000


150,000,000


100,000,000


 50,000,000

         0
The “Open” in OER, OCW, &c.

            (1) Free
       (2) 4R permission
Internet                 OER
Enables                 Allows

    Sharing and educating at
      unprecedented scale
OER = Content Infrastructure

  Platform for education innovation
Informal Learning

    Open, standards-based way to
issue, manage, and display credentials
          for ANY learning
Transcript 2.0

Fixes many problems with
    current transcripts
OBI = Credential Infrastructure

   Platform for education innovation
Open Education Infrastructure

Democratizes innovation opportunities
OER        Badges

               Issue
             Manage
 Learn
              Display
Anything
            Credentials
OER        Badges

               Issue
             Manage
 Learn
              Display
Anything
            Credentials
Mind the Gap!

HUGE demand over the next 10 years
  Entrepreneurs are on their way
Anywhere, Free

      If I can learn anywhere for free,
and show my credentials anywhere for free…
Assess Anywhere, Free?

  What does this look like?
1. Ubiquitous Assessment

    “Assessment as Status Update”
(Tweets, product and book reviews, etc.)
Ubiquitous Assessment

 What kind of infrastructure
    does this require?
Ubiquitous Assessment

No one is working on this infrastructure
2. Leveraging Big, Messy Data

10s of 1000s of tiny data points per person
           spread across a year

          User-generated items
Leveraging Big, Messy Data

   What kind of psychometrics
  are needed to deal with this?
3. From Summative to Formative

     The majority will be formative

        At scale does formative
        function as summative?
From Summative to Formative

   How will the role of high stakes
       assessments evolve?
4. Scaling Constructed Response

 We can’t condemn next-gen assessment
           to selected response
Scaling Constructed Response

        “Gamify grading”
Google’s ESP Game

   A symmetric verification game

(Verbosity is an asymmetric example)
For Example, In Education
•   Rubrics
•   Multi-person Review
•   Inter-rater Reliability Component
•   Sanity Sampling
Future Assessment?
   Analog   or   Digital
 Tethered or     Mobile
  Isolated or    Connected
  Generic   or   Personal
Consuming   or   Creating
   Closed   or   Open
Key Trends

   Ubiquitous assessment
From summative to formative
 Leveraging big, messy data
Scaling constructed response
Expand Our Thinking

  Beyond traditional education
Beyond traditional psychometrics
 Beyond traditional assessment
Thank You

http://davidwiley.org/

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Openness and the Future of Assessment

Editor's Notes

  1. CC licensedphoto http://www.flickr.com/photos/62693815@N03/6277209256/
  2. http://google.com/
  3. Selection of winners in the DML Competition. These logos are obviously not licensed under a Creative Commons license.
  4. CC BY photo from http://www.flickr.com/photos/dazzied/424506521/